倫敦重新定位 Repositioning LONDON

倫敦市長撥200萬鎊 打造城市品牌重新定位

2009-04-29 05:16:00

在以往經濟繁榮年代，倫敦曾刻意標榜自己為輝煌的國際金融都市，以此激發世人敬慕並吸引遊客光臨。如今銀行家的形象一落萬丈，許多人 把他們看作貪賄而無能的象徵。為此，倫敦市長莊翰生拿出200萬鎊，對倫敦品牌進行重新定位。 市長手下的推銷經理利特班德（Dan Ritterband）說：「現在全球都把自己的煩惱歸咎於倫敦金融城和紐約華爾街，一提倫敦就是金融服務，其他行業都擠沒了。我們要擺脫這種形象。」 城市品牌的重新打造已有先例，諸如紐約新穎現代的NYC品牌，或格拉斯哥的「蘇格蘭風度之都」（Scotland with Style）品牌。 市長掛帥的新形象攻勢，據稱將跨越廣告、電影、教育和法律等各個領域，將借助溫哥華冬季奧運，以及隨後的上海世博會和廣州亞運會等國際場合大張旗鼓進行宣 傳。 為發揮強項並進行更有效運作，目前若干獨立機構，諸如促進旅遊的Visit London和促進留學的Study London及影視的Film London等機構，可能會融為一體，創立新的統一品牌和宣傳語。 利特班德說，關鍵在於擴大宣傳力度，並借助2012年的奧運到來「挺立於世」。他說：「倫敦雖是個城市，卻囊括了世界的方方面面，這是我們最突出的強 項。」

Chislehurst

怕鬼魂嚇壞子女 MJ棄租倫敦古宅

放大圖片

　■米高積遜突然決定不租住那間英國大宅。資料圖片

　為配合夏天舉行的50場超大型倫敦演出，過氣音樂天王米高積遜早前在當地計劃租賃一所共有28間房的大屋，然而仍未屆開騷他已決定取消租約，全因該處被指鬧鬼。

　這所遭到MJ嫌棄的Chislehurst十八世紀大屋，有指他恐怕內裡的鬼魂會嚇怕其小孩，保安 情況亦教他大感不安，所以在原定要繳付100萬英鎊訂金之時，MJ便透過影像片段表示拒絕租屋。下個目標將是15英里之隔、擁有閉路電視及守衛的另一所從 沒鬧鬼樓房，屆時MJ將每天乘直升機往返會場。另外，面對著全球金融危機，Kylie Minogue依然能從房產界中獲利，因她剛把其澳洲的家以50萬英鎊售出，三年前的購入價僅是20萬英鎊。 　■文：藝能小子

****

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 51°24′54″N 0°04′44″E / 51.4150°N 0.0789°E / 51.4150; 0.0789

Chislehurst
Chislehurst shown within Greater London
OS grid reference	TQ445705
London borough	Bromley
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	CHISLEHURST
Postcode district	BR7
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
European Parliament	London
UK Parliament	Bromley & Chislehurst
London Assembly	Bexley and Bromley
List of places: UK • England • London

Chislehurst (pronounced /ˈtʃɪzəlhɜrst/) is a suburban settlement in south east London, England and an electoral ward of the London Borough of Bromley.

Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Chislehurst Today 4 Education 5 Famous residents 6 Places of Worship 7 Transport and locale 7.1 Nearest places 7.2 Nearest railway stations 8 References 9 External links

[edit] Etymology

The name "Chislehurst" is derived from the Saxon words "cisel" which means gravel and "hyrst" which means wooded hill.

[edit] History

Camden Place (now Chislehurst Golf Club) is where the French Emperor Napoleon III died in exile in 1873. His body and that of the Prince Imperial were buried originally in St Mary's Church, before they were removed to Farnborough Abbey. There is a memorial to Napoléon Eugène in the woods, and the area's connections with the imperial family are found in many road names and in the local telephone code, 467, which in its earlier format corresponded to the letters IMP (for imperial).

A local attraction is Chislehurst Caves. The caves are considered to be of very ancient origin. They were originally used to mine flint and chalk. During World War II, thousands of people used them nightly as an air raid shelter. There is even a chapel. One child was born in the caves during World War II, and her name was 'Cavina'^{[citation needed]}. The caves have also been used as a venue for live music; Jimi Hendrix, The Who and The Rolling Stones have all played there. The caves are reputedly haunted, and Druids are said to have made grisly human sacrifices in their depths. A number of television programmes and films, including episodes of Doctor Who, have been filmed there. Tours are available most days, and on Sundays there is an especially extended tour, lasting approximately one and a half hours.

The Chislehurst civil parish formed an urban district of Kent from 1894 to 1934.^[1] In 1934 it became part of the Chislehurst and Sidcup Urban District,^[2] which was split in 1965 between the London boroughs of Bromley and Bexley.

[edit] Chislehurst Today

Chislehurst West may be found by going towards Mottingham, and this area includes the biggest of the ponds, and the High Street, which has many pubs and restaurants. Chislehurst West was previously known as 'Pricking' and 'Prickend'.

Chislehurst is one of the starting points for the Green Chain Walk, linking to places such as Crystal Palace, Erith, the Thames Barrier and Thamesmead.

[edit] Education

• Bullers Wood School (all-girls')
• Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication

[edit] Famous residents

Chislehurst Caves entrance

• Malcolm Campbell, former land and water speed record holder, was born in Chislehurst and is buried in St. Nicholas Parish Church next to his parents.
• Richmal Crompton, author of the Just William series of books for children of all ages.
• Alan Watts, philosopher, born and raised in Chislehurst, moved to the US in 1938.
• William Willett, a campaigner for daylight saving time, lived most of his adult life in Chislehurst.
• Sir Francis Walsingham, spy master to Elizabeth I, and his son, Sir Thomas Walsingham.
• Siouxsie Sioux, singer, most famous for being in the band Siouxsie and the Banshees
• Gianfranco Zola - Former Italy and Chelsea footballer, and current manager of West Ham United.
• Michael Jackson has rented out Foxbury Manor on Kemnal Road for six months during his residency at O2 Arena.

Oyster Card 退卡可取回三鎊

蠔卡勿丟棄 退卡可取回三鎊

2009-04-25 05:42:00

(本報訊)倫敦交通局TFL的資料顯示，每年有大約100萬張蠔卡被丟棄，對倫敦環境造成污染，同時也對交通局的行政成本造成了浪 費。而造成蠔卡浪費的主體人群，是購買倫敦交通季票的乘客。 據統計，迄今為止TFL共向70萬名使用「旅行通票（travelcard）」的旅客，以及30萬名使用「公共汽車及有軌電車通票（Bus & Tram Pass）的乘客，發放了700萬張蠔卡。 在那些附有7日旅行通票或公共汽車通票的新發放的蠔卡中，有三分之一在使用一周後被丟棄，另有一半以上會在5周內被丟棄。TFL的票務總監Shashi Verma表示：「每年有超過100萬張蠔卡被浪費或丟失，這些廢棄的塑料對環境造成巨大污染，同時也令售票處等候購買新卡的隊伍變得更長。」 為了鼓勵蠔卡使用者保管好蠔卡和減少浪費，TFL對購買新卡的乘客收取3鎊押金。Verma表示：「所有購買新卡的乘客，都必須支付3鎊的押金，這在返回 蠔卡時可退還。這樣做的目的是為了減少每年被浪費的蠔卡數量，以及減少大約300萬鎊的行政成本，用於更好地提高倫敦的交通服務質量。」 儘管如此，那些已經在TFL網站上登記過蠔卡信息的使用者，以及一些帶有特殊優惠的蠔卡，如附照片的學生卡或自有通票（Freedom Pass）等，如果發生蠔卡被盜或者丟失等情況，則無需在申請新卡時支付押金。　　另外，從 今年5月17日開始，所有購買新倫敦交通蠔卡（Oyster Card）者須繳納3鎊押金，該押金在退還蠔卡時可返還。

RSPCA wants dangerous dog rethink

Four dog breeds are banned, but cross breeds can be as dangerous

The Dangerous Dogs Act needs to be changed to focus instead on owners keeping aggressive dogs as a status symbol or weapon, the RSPCA has said.

It says the current Act is too vague and has led to an increase in dangerous dogs since it came into force in 1991.

It comes days after new guidelines were sent to police and local authorities.

The RSPCA wants more checks on owners and stiffer penalties for people mistreating dogs or keeping them for criminal use.

The law says if it looks like a pit bull and the police accuse it of being a pit bull then it is a pit bull Chris Laurence, Dogs Trust

NHS figures showed the number of dog attacks had tripled since 1991, and many attacks have been blamed on cross-bred dogs which are not illegal.

In 2008, NHS figures showed nearly 3,800 attacks were taking place a year.

David Grant of the RSPCA said: "It's just a completely out of control situation ...my situation here in this RSPCA hospital is actually worse than before the Act came in."

Under the Dangerous Dogs Act four different breeds of dog are banned - the pit bull terrier, Japanese Tosa, Dogo Argentino and Fila Brasileiro.

But critics say the rules over what is a dangerous dog are too vague - even when it comes to identifying the banned breeds.

Dogs Trust veterinary director Chris Laurence told the BBC: "One of the big flaws in the Act is it doesn't tell you how to identify a pit bull.

NEW DOG GUIDELINES Sets out best practice for the main enforcement authorities Provides guidance on identifying pit bull terrier-type dogs Provides examples of existing local initiatives

"You can actually breed a pit bull by accident. If you cross something like a boxer and a labrador or a labrador and a mastiff you end up with a dog that looks like a pit bull.

"The law says if it looks like a pit bull and the police accuse it of being a pit bull then it is a pit bull and it's up to you to prove it isn't."

Mr Grant said there were many incidences of dogs being abandoned and attacking other dogs, killing cats or attacking people.

On Friday the government rejected a bid to replace the Dangerous Dogs Act with a new law placing responsibility for a dog's behaviour on the owner or person in charge of it.

Lord Redesdale said, who proposed the replacement, said: "The Dangerous Dogs Act was a knee-jerk reaction to deal with pit bull terriers and was intended to lead to the extinction of that breed in this country.

"However research by the RSPCA has shown that there are now more pit bull terriers in the UK than there were when the Act was passed."

Dogs are being abandoned in record numbers, the RSPCA says

In south London, a council has already begun targeting dog owners for using dogs for intimidation, causing a nuisance, fighting with dogs or using them as a weapon .

"What we've done is introduce a registration scheme, linked to our tenancy conditions, which is going to promote responsible dog ownership, and take out sanctions on those people who aren't responsible who are causing a nuisance," said Mark Callis of the Dog Control Unit at Wandsworth Council.

"The ultimate sanction under our tenancy conditions would be eviction," he said.

In January, London's Metropolitan Police created a new unit to tackle the rise in the number of dogs being used by criminals.

***

Type: Private - Not-for-Profit
On the web: http://www.rspca.org.uk

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), founded in 1824, was the first animal protection organization in the world. Its influence has spread far beyond the UK to the establishment of similar organizations, such as the ASPCA in the US and the RSPCA in Australia. Queen Victoria became the first British monarch to serve as the society's royal patron in 1840. Today, the RSPCA operates four hospitals for animals and numerous other facilities for veterinary care and sheltering abandoned animals. Its 300-plus uniformed inspectors investigate reports of cruelty against animals and help bring prosecutions against human offenders.

Officers:
Chairman: Michael Tomlinson
Chief Executive: Mark Watts
Head, External Affairs: David Bowles

The British Military-Industrial Complex

‘The British Military-Industrial Complex: the importance of political economy', The Economics of Peace and Security Journal Vol. 3 No 1 (2008).

The Bank of England

英中銀、政策金利を0.5％で据え置き

2009年 04月 9日 21:17 JST

記事を印刷する |

ブックマーク

[-] 文字サイズ [+]

1 of 1[Full Size]

　［ロンドン　９日　ロイター］　イングランド銀行（英中央銀行）は９日、政策金利を過去最低の０．５％で据え置いた。中銀は、７５０億ポンドの資産買い入れプログラムを継続するとしたうえで、このプログラムを完了するには、あと２カ月かかるとの見通しを示した。



No higher resolution available.
The_Old_Lady_of_Threadneedle_St.png‎ (522 × 382 pixels, file size: 399 KB, MIME type: image/png)

The Bank of England (formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England) is the central bank of the United Kingdom and is the model on which most modern, large central banks have been based. Since 1946 it has been a state-owned institution.^[2] It was established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and to this day it still acts as the banker for the UK Government. The Bank has a monopoly^[3] on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, although not in Scotland or Northern Ireland. The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee has been given devolved responsibility (sometimes called independence) for managing the monetary policy of the country. The Treasury has reserve powers to give orders to the committee "if they are required in the public interest and by extreme economic circumstances" but such orders must be endorsed by parliament within 28 days ^[4]

The Bank's headquarters has been located in London's main financial district, the City of London, on Threadneedle Street, since 1734. It is sometimes known by the metonym The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street or simply The Old Lady. The current Governor of the Bank of England is Mervyn King, who took over on 30 June 2003 from Sir Edward George. As well as the London offices, the Bank of England also has secondary offices on King Street in Leeds.

Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Functions of the Bank 3 Banknote issues 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

History

Tercentenary of the Bank of England, commemorated on a 1994 British two pound coin.

The main Bank of England façade, c. 1980.

Satirical cartoon protesting against the introduction of paper money, by James Gillray, 1797. The "Old Lady of Threadneedle St" (the Bank personified) is ravished by William Pitt the Younger.

The bank was founded by the Scotsman William Paterson in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker.^[5] He proposed a loan of £1.2m to the government; in return the subscribers would be incorporated as The Governor and Company of the Bank of England with long-term banking privileges including the issue of notes. The Royal Charter was granted on 27 July through the passage of the Tonnage Act of 1694. Public finances were in so dire a condition at the time that the terms of the loan were that it was to be serviced at a rate of 8% per annum, and there was also a service charge of £4000 per annum for the management of the loan. The first governor was Sir John Houblon, who is depicted in the £50 note issued in 1994. The charter was renewed in 1742, 1764, and 1781. The Bank was originally constructed above the ancient Temple of Mithras, London at Walbrook, dating to the founding of Londinium in antiquity by Roman garrisons. Mithras was, among other things, considered the god of contracts, a fitting association for the Bank. In 1734 the Bank moved to its current location on Threadneedle Street, slowly acquiring the land to create the edifice seen today. Sir Herbert Baker's rebuilding of the Bank of England, demolishing most of Sir John Soane's earlier building was described by architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner as "the greatest architectural crime, in the City of London, of the twentieth century".

Bank House, the Bank of England offices on King Street in Leeds.

When the idea and reality of the National Debt came about during the 18th century this was also managed by the bank. By the charter renewal in 1781 it was also the bankers' bank — keeping enough gold to pay its notes on demand until 26 February 1797 when war had so diminished gold reserves that the government prohibited the Bank from paying out in gold. This prohibition lasted until 1821.

The 1844 Bank Charter Act tied the issue of notes to the gold reserves and gave the bank sole rights with regard to the issue of banknotes. Private banks which had previously had that right retained it, provided that their headquarters were outside London and that they deposited security against the notes that they issued. A few English banks continued to issue their own notes until the last of them was taken over in the 1930s. The Scottish and Northern Irish private banks still have that right. Britain remained on the gold standard until 1931 when the gold and foreign exchange reserves were transferred to the Treasury. But their management was still handled by the Bank. In 1870 the bank was given responsibility for interest rate policy.

During the governorship of Montagu Norman, which lasted from 1920 to 1944, the Bank made deliberate efforts to move away from commercial banking and become a central bank. In 1946, shortly after the end of Norman's tenure, the bank was nationalised by the Labour government.

On 6 May 1997, following the 1997 general election which brought another Labour government to power, it was announced by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, that the Bank of England would be granted operational independence over monetary policy. Under the terms of the Bank of England Act 1998 (which came into force on 1 June 1998), the bank's Monetary Policy Committee was given sole responsibility for setting interest rates to meet the Government's stated Retail Prices Index (RPI) inflation target of 2.5%.^[6] The target has now changed to 2% since the Consumer Price Index (CPI) replaced the Retail Prices Index as the treasury's inflation index.^[7] If inflation overshoots or undershoots the target by more than 1%, the Governor has to write a letter to the Chancellor of the Exchequer explaining why, and how he will remedy the situation.

The handing over of monetary policy to the Bank of England had featured as a key plank of the Liberal Democrats' economic policy since the 1992 general election.^[8] A Conservative MP Nicholas Budgen had also proposed this as a Private Member's Bill in 1996, but the bill failed as it had neither the support of the government nor that of the opposition.

More recently, since 2007 the Bank of England has, in its role as lender of last resort, been supporting Northern Rock, a specialist mortgage lender that suddenly became unable to rely on wholesale market borrowing to finance its lending operation following the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis and the subsequent reluctance of lenders to take on more mortgage debt.

Functions of the Bank

The Bank of England performs all the functions of a central bank. The most important of these is supposed to be maintaining price stability and supporting the economic policies of the British Government, thus promoting economic growth. There are two main areas which are tackled by the Bank to ensure it carries out these functions efficiently:

Monetary stability

Stable prices and confidence in the currency are the two main criteria for monetary stability. Stable prices are maintained by making sure price increases meet the Government's inflation target. The Bank aims to meet this target by adjusting the base interest rate, which is decided by the Monetary Policy Committee, and through its communications strategy.

Financial stability

Maintaining financial stability involves protecting against threats to the whole financial system. Threats are detected by the Bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions. The threats are then dealt with through financial and other operations, both at home and abroad. In exceptional circumstances, the Bank may act as the lender of last resort by extending credit when no other institution will.

The Bank works together with several other institutions to secure both monetary and financial stability, including:

• HM Treasury, the Government department responsible for financial and economic policy.
• The Financial Services Authority, an independent body that regulates the financial services industry.
• Other central banks and international organisations, with the aim of improving the international financial system.

The 1997 Memorandum of Understanding describes the terms under which the Bank, the Treasury and the FSA work toward the common aim of increased financial stability.

The Bank of England acts as the Government's banker, and as such it maintains the Government's Consolidated Fund account. It also manages the country's foreign exchange and gold reserves. The Bank also acts as the bankers' bank, especially in its capacity as a lender of last resort.

The Bank of England has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales. Scottish and Northern Irish banks retain the right to issue their own banknotes, but they must be backed one to one with deposits in the Bank of England, excepting a few million pounds representing the value of notes they had in circulation in 1845. The Bank decided to sell its bank note printing operations to De La Rue in December 2002, under the advice of Close Brothers Corporate Finance Ltd.^[9]

Since 1997 the Monetary Policy Committee has had the responsibility for setting the official interest rate. However, with the decision to grant the Bank operational independence, responsibility for government debt management was transferred to the new UK Debt Management Office in 1998, which also took over government cash management in 2000. Computershare took over as the registrar for UK Government bonds (known as gilts) from the Bank at the end of 2004.

The Bank used to be responsible for the regulation and supervision of the banking industry, although this responsibility was transferred to the Financial Services Authority in June 1998.

In order to help maintain economic stability, the Bank attempts to broaden understanding of its role, both through regular speeches and publications by senior Bank figures, and through a wider education strategy aimed at the general public. It maintains a free museum and runs the Target Two Point Zero competition for A-level students.^[10]

Banknote issues

Main article: Bank of England note issues

See also: Banknotes of the pound sterling

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)

The Bank of England has issued banknotes since 1694. Notes were originally hand-written; although they were partially printed from 1725 onwards, cashiers still had to sign each note and make them payable to someone. Notes were fully printed from 1855. Until 1928 all notes were "White Notes", printed in black and with a blank reverse. In the 18th and 19th centuries White Notes were issued in £1 and £2 denominations. During the 20th century White Notes were issued in denominations between £5 and £1000. The Bank issued notes for ten shillings and one pound for the first time on 22 November 1928 when the Bank took over responsibility for these denominations from the Treasury which had issued notes of these denominations three days after the declaration of war in 1914 in order to remove gold coins from circulation.

During the Second World War the German Operation Bernhard attempted to counterfeit various denominations between £5 and £50 producing 500,000 notes each month in 1943. The original plan was to parachute the money on Britain in an attempt to destabilise the British economy, but it was found more useful to use the notes to pay German agents operating throughout Europe — although most fell into Allied hands at the end of the war, forgeries frequently appeared for years afterwards, which led banknote denominations above £5 to be removed from circulation.

In 2006, a sum in excess of £53 million in banknotes belonging to the bank was stolen from a depot in Tonbridge, Kent.^[11]

See also

• Bank of England Museum
• Bank of Japan
• British coinage
• Banknotes of the pound sterling
• European Central Bank
• Federal Reserve System
• Financial Sanctions Unit
• Fractional-reserve banking
• East India Company shareholders

References

1. ^ BBC News - UK reduces interest rates to 0.5%
2. ^ Bank of England: Relationship with Parliament. Bank of England. Retrieved on 2007-12-21
3. ^ "These are the rules of big business. They have superseded the teachings of our parents and are reducible to a simple maxim: Get a monopoly; let Society work for you: and remember that the best of all business is politics, for a legislative grant, franchise, subsidy or tax exemption is worth more than a Kimberly or Comstock lode, since it does not require any labor, either mental or physical, lot its exploitation" Fredrick C Howe, Confessions of a Monopolist (Chicago: Public Publishing, 1906), p. 157.
4. ^ http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980011_en_3#pt2-pb4-l1g19 Act of Parliament gives devolved responsibilty to the MPC with reserve powers for thr Treasury
5. ^ Committee of Finance and Industry 1931 (Macmillan Report) description of the founding of Bank of England "It's foundation in 1694 arose out the difficulties of the Government of the day in securing subscriptions to State loans. It's primary purpose was to raise and lend money to the State and in consideration of this service it received under its Charter and various Act of Parliament, certain privileges of issuing bank notes. The corporation commenced, with an assured life of tweleve years after which the Government had the right to annul its Charter on giving one year's notice. Subsequent extensions of this period coincided generally with the grant of additional loans to the State
6. ^ "Key Monetary Policy Dates Since 1990". Bank of England. http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/history.htm. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
7. ^ "Remit of the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England and the New Inflation Target" (pdf). HM Treasury. 2003-12-10. http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/pdf/chancellorletter031210.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
8. ^ Liberal Democrat election manifesto, 1992
9. ^ "Sale of Bank Note Printing". Bank of England. http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/news/2003/041.htm. Retrieved on 2006-06-10.
10. ^ "Bank of England: Education". Bank of England. http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/index.htm. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
11. ^ Record £53m stolen in depot raid, BBC, 27 February 2006

External links

Look up Bank of England in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bank of England

• Bank of England official site

Police chief quits over blunder

Police chief quits over blunder

Britain's top counter-terrorism officer resigns after admitting he could have jeopardised an operation which aimed to thwart a possible al-Qaeda plot.

英反恐高官因"洩密"下台

奎克手持的“機密”文件可以清楚地被看到

英國負責反恐的最高級別警官由於不慎洩露了一次尚未展開的反恐行動計劃，被迫辭職。

就在文件曝光後幾個小時，警方在曼切斯特、利物浦等地方採取一系列突擊行動。

目前已經逮捕了12名男子，其中10人來自巴基斯坦，他們都持有學生簽證。

反恐專家認為，這是由於當局擔心恐怖分子可能已經知道警方行動細節，因此必需先下手為強。

事件的主角是倫敦警察廳助理總監奎克。他周三前往唐寧街開會下車時，手上拿著一份寫著"機密"的行動計劃文件，並被記者拍下。

從相片可以清楚看到文件上列出的行動目標地點和負責警官等詳細情況。

奎克在聲明中承認，他的行為可能威脅到一次重要的反恐行動。

他對同僚造成的不便感到非常抱歉。

倫敦市長約翰遜向BBC表示，奎克工作非常出色，這次洩密實在是一次"十分不幸"的事件。

自從機密文件被曝光以來，奎克便受到反對黨的猛烈抨擊。

保守黨影子內政大臣格雷林批評說："把他手下的警官置於險地，並且危及行動的成敗，他應該烏紗難保。"

The Queen and Mrs. Obama: A Breach in Protocol

By Howard Chua-Eoan Wednesday, Apr. 01, 2009

Queen Elizabeth II, left, and Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace

PA Photos / Landov

The rules are set in stone, and so the eagerly watching British media sputtered when the First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, briefly put her hand on the back of Queen Elizabeth II as the two chatted at a reception. Etiquette is quite stern about this ("Whatever you do, don't touch the Queen!"). In 2000 John Howard, then Prime Minister of Australia, got plenty of criticism for apparently putting his arm around the Queen to direct her through a crowd. He denied actually touching her, but photographs suggest that he came quite close. (Another former Australian Prime Minister did put his hand on the Queen in a similar circumstance and was later branded "the Lizard of Oz.")

Of course, there are corollaries to this. One must certainly touch the Queen if the monarch offers her hand (though you should return this not with a firm handshake but just a touch). On Wednesday, Michelle Obama put her hand on the Queen only after the Queen had placed her own hand on the First Lady's back as part of their conversation. So there is room for theological argument as to whether the American reciprocity of touch was allowable given the social dynamics of the situation. (Less explicable was when President George W. Bush winked at the Queen.) Still, the sight of anyone apparently touching the Queen with anything more than a limp handshake is enough to send the British (or traditionalists in the old Commonwealth) twittering. (See pictures of the Obamas' travels in Europe.)

Another defense for Michelle Obama, of course, is that she is not a subject of the Queen. (Australians, despite referendums attempting to turn themselves into a republic, still recognize the Queen as their head of state.) The First Lady of the United States is not required to curtsey before her or any other crowned head. In any case, the touch lasted just a second or two, and the Queen did not seem particularly perturbed — though she appeared slightly surprised as she drew away. (See how Barack Obama is connected to the Queen via TIME's Person of the Year.)

So where does this rule about not touching the Queen come from? The sovereigns of England and France at some point in their nations' long histories claimed a divine right to rule, a right often amplified by titles bestowed by the Pope in Rome. (The Queen, in fact, still has the title Defender of the Faith, an honor given to Henry VIII before he broke with the Catholic Church and established the Church of England.) That touch of holiness once gave the occupant of the throne the supposed ability to cure certain diseases — most famously, scrofula, a terrible skin ailment that was called "the king's evil." Thus, the miraculous contact had to be conserved. And so, whether a touch or a nod or a gaze, royal favor, like that of God, is not a subject's on demand; it is dispensed by kingly prerogative. (See pictures from the 2006 celebration of the Queen's birthday.)

— With reporting by Simon Robinson / London

Arundels, Wardour Castle

Arundel, Henry Fitz Alan, 12th earl of (1512-80). Arundel steered a dextrous course through the rapids of mid-Tudor politics. He was in favour with Henry VIII, served with distinction against the French, and was awarded the Garter. During the reign of Edward VI Arundel was at odds with the duke of Northumberland and spent a year in the Tower. In 1553 he ostensibly supported Lady Jane Grey, but took out an insurance by reporting everything to Mary. Under Mary he was Lord Steward and, as a fellow-catholic, once more in favour. In Elizabeth's reign, he was mentioned as a possible husband. But he was implicated in the Ridolfi plot in 1571, and in the later 1570s lived in quiet retirement.

For those of a similar name, see Henry Fitzalan-Howard (disambiguation).

Pamphlet featuring the portrait and signature of Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel

Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel (c.1511 – 24 February 1580) was an English nobleman, who over his long life assumed a prominent place at the court of all the later Tudor sovereigns, probably the only person to do so. (Note that some sources number him as 12th Earl of Arundel.)

He was the only son of William FitzAlan, 18th Earl of Arundel, and his second wife Anne Percy, daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and was named for Henry VIII, who personally stood as his godfather at his baptism.

At 15, Arundel became a page at king Henry's court. When he came of age, in 1533, he was summoned to Parliament as Lord Maltravers, a subsidiary title of his father, who was still alive. He attended the trials of Anne Boleyn and her alleged lover Lord Rochford in 1536.

In 1540 he was appointed deputy of Calais. He remained there, improving the fortifications at his own expense, until his father's death in 1543/4. He returned to England to assume the earldom, and was made a Knight of the Garter. War with France soon brought him back to the continent, where he spent much of 1544. He then returned to England, where the king appointed him Lord Chamberlain.

After Henry's death in 1547, Arundel was Lord High Constable at Edward VI's coronation. He continued as Lord Chamberlain, and in addition, by the terms of Henry's will, was designated one of the council of 12 assistant executors. The advent of the new king's uncle Edward Seymour (later Duke of Somerset) as Lord Protector negated Arundel's influence however, and he soon became a prominent advocate of Seymour's removal in favor of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick (later Duke of Northumberland).

Seymour was in fact deposed and sent to the Tower of London in 1549, with Arundel and Warwick among the leaders of the new governing group. Warwick soon became jealous of Arundel's influence, created a series of trumped-up charges, and had him removed from office and placed under house arrest. Arundel was eventually cleared of the charges, but the experience pushed him into the camp of the Duke of Somerset (who had been released from the tower). When Somerset was again arrested in 1551, Arundel was implicated in some of his plots, and was himself arrested and imprisoned for a year. He was eventually pardoned from these charges (whose truth was again somewhat dubious) and returned to his place on the governing council.

He found the council contemplating the succession in view of the declining health of King Edward. Arundel opposed Northumberland's plan to declare the king's sisters illegitimate, but after Edward's death he ostensibly went along with the council as it prepared to proclaim Lady Jane Grey the new sovereign. Meanwhile, he secretly wrote to Princess Mary, informing her of her brother's death (which was not yet public knowledge) and warning her of the plans afoot to bypass her. He continued to publicly support Lady Jane, but at the same time, after secret meetings with other supporters of Mary, arranged for the proclamation of Mary as queen by the citizens of London. Taking the great seal, he then rode off to Framlingham, where Mary was staying.

At Mary's coronation, Arundel was for the second time High Constable, and was then appointed Lord Steward of the royal household. He served in various roles in her court, being, for example, one of the nobles who received her husband Philip II of Spain when he landed at Southampton.

Although Queen Elizabeth did not trust him, he was too powerful to be slighted or ignored, and so he was retained in his various offices when she ascended the throne. For the third time, he had a high place at a royal coronation.

Arundel took part in some of the many conspiracies of Elizabeth's reign, and, while he was at times placed under house arrest, he retained his properties and titles.

Arundel married twice. His first wife was Katherine, daughter of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset and Margaret Wotton. By her he had one son, Henry Lord Maltravers (1538-56), and 2 daughters: Jane (d. 1576/7), who married John Lord Lumley, and Mary (d. 1557), who married Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, and whose son Philip, eventually inherited the Earldom of Arundel.

His second wife was Mary, daughter of Sir John Arundell of a prominent Cornish family, and widow of Richard Ratcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex. They had no children.

Arundel's portrait was painted several times, including once by Hans Holbein and by Hans Eworth; see Edward Chaney, The Evolution of the Grand Tour, 2nd ed (London, 2000), p. 8.

References

• Andrew Boyle, Hans Eworth's portrait of the Earl of Arundel and the politics of 1549-50, English Historical Review, February 2002
• Catholic Encyclopedia article
• Sir Henry Fitzalan, 19th Earl of Arundel Accessed February 24, 2008

Henry Fitzalan

tt=16

Twelfth Earl of Arundel, b. about 1511; d. in London, 24 Feb., 1580 (O.S. 1579). Son of William, eleventh earl, and Lady Anne Percy, he was godson to Henry VIII, in whose palace he was educated. From 1540 he was governor of Calais till 1543, when he succeeded to the earldom. In 1544 he beseiged and took Boulogne, being made lord-chamberlain as a reward. In the reign of Edward VI he opposed Protector Somerset and supported Warwick, who eventually unjustly accused him of peculation and removed him from the council. On the death of Edward he abandoned the cause of Lady Jane Grey and proclaimed Mary as queen. Throughout her reign he was in favour as lord-steward and was employed in much diplomatic business. Even under Elizabeth he at first retained his offices and power though distrusted by her ministers. Yet he was too powerful to attack, and, being a widower, was considered as a possible consort for the queen. But in 1564 he fell into disgrace, andElizabeth did not again employ him till 1568. Being the leader of the Catholic party, he desired a marriage between Mary, Queen of Scots, and his son-in-law, the Duke of Norfolk, but was too cautious to commit himself, so that even after the futile northern rebellion of 1569 he was recalled to the council. But the discovery of the Ridolfi conspiracy, in 1571, again led to his confinement, and he spent the rest of his life in retirement.

THIS STORY LAST UPDATED: 24 February 2004 1305 GMT Ten year house archive now complete

The new Wardour Castle

Lovers of historic properties will be interested to learn that the archive for a significant Wiltshire property is now complete, providing a valuable insight into 18th century E

The sumptuous designs for the new Wardour Castle form the centrepiece of the archive, which has been conserved and catalogued by staff at the Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office in Trowbridge.

The team has spent more than a decade cataloguing, conserving and preserving the Arundell family archive and have now completed the marathon task.

The Arundells were a wealthy, aristocratic Wiltshire family who bought the original Wardour Castle - now a picturesque ruin - in 1547.

Old Wardour Castle

The old castle was severely damaged during a Civil War siege and was later abandoned.

The Arundells were supporters of the Royalist cause and the castle was first seized by Parliamentary forces and then reclaimed by the family - but only at the cost of its destruction.

The magnificent new Wardour Castle was built in the popular Palladian or classical style during 1770s.

The Arundell archive includes detailed plans for the new Wardour Castle, providing a fascinating insight into European architectural styles of the period.

The architect, Giacomo Quarenghi, who was later the principal architect of the then Russian capital, St Petersburg, worked on a spectacular chapel for the new house, as the Arundells were an important Catholic family.

The plans for the new Wardour Castle are incredibly detailed... they contribute to our understanding of European architecture and design during the 18th century...

Steve Hobbs, County Archivist

The archive contains around 500 drawings and plans. Preservation work involved removing the drawings from acidic backing paper and placing them in polyester film.

Several large estate maps - including one of Wardour Park from 1753 - were also conserved, and these items can now all be seen by members of the public.

The catalogue for the archive is now available on the Internet at www.a2a.pro.gov.uk.

Steve Hobbs, archivist at Wiltshire County Council, said: "The plans for the new Wardour Castle are incredibly detailed.

"They contribute to our understanding of European architecture and design during the 18th century, as they include a wide range of ideas and schemes from which the actual plans were selected."

The new Wardour Castle was sold by the family after the death of the last Lord Arundell - who was a prisoner of war in the notorious Colditz Castle during the Second World War - and it then became a private school. In recent years, the building has been turned into luxury apartments.

Add more to this story

« 摘要

「Arundel」的搜尋結果

第 98 頁
很抱歉，此頁的內容受到限制.

第 99 頁
很抱歉，此頁的內容受到限制.

第 155 頁
很抱歉，此頁的內容受到限制.

第 156 頁
... presenting him as an example of the German knights before their corruption by Renaissance learning and courtly manners.) 13 Howarth, Lord Arundel, 14. ...

第 159 頁
The Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens described the English earl of Arundel as "one of the evangelists of our art" - reasonably enough, since Arundel had ...

第 160 頁
... 20 Quoted Howarth, Lord Arundel, 2. 21 Cesar Rouben, Bussy-Rabutin ...

第 180 頁
... Arundel ...

第 181 頁
In the early 1580s, the wealthy English earl of Arundel found himself moved by the Catholic priests he encountered in Protestant London, and soon converted, ...

第 182 頁
More typical than the earl of Arundel, who risked his life for his religious convictions, were figures like his son, who quietly converted back to ...

第 205 頁
... 1984); Nancy Nichols Barker, Brother to the Sun King: Philippe, Duke of Orleans (Baltmore, 1989). David Howarth, Lord Arundel an His Circle (New Haven, ...

第 207 頁
... 125, 199 agricultural societies 88 amateur, ideal of 151, 161-62 Amsterdam 95 architecture 158, 164-65 Aristotle 93, 101, 177 Arundel, earls of 98-99, ...