2017年7月30日 星期日

Norwood Park, London,


And the mayor agrees.
With 8m trees and 14,000 species of wildlife, the capital should be…
FT.COM




Campaigners call for a new national park — in London With 8m trees and 14,000 species of wildlife, the capital should be recognised as an ecological as well as a financial centre, say campaigners — and the mayor agrees

Norwood Park, London,

2017年7月27日 星期四

Portrait of Richard Milles


Portrait of Richard Milles

probably 1760s, Pompeo Girolamo Batoni
The sitter has been identified as Richard Milles of Nackington, (about 1735 - 1820), Member of Parliament for nearby Canterbury from 1761-80. Milles probably sat for this portrait when he was in Rome during his Grand Tour. He points to a map inscribed with the place name 'Grisoni', a Swiss Canton which he probably visited on his way to Italy. The classical bust of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius alludes to the sitter's interest in classical antiquity. Batoni painted a half-length portrait of Milles and a miniature on ivory (the latter in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge). 

The mood of the portrait is one of assurance and ease, created by the artist to dignify the sitter.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Milles

Portrait of his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Milles, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1789, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art


Key facts

Artist
Artist dates
1708 - 1787
Full title
Portrait of Richard Milles
Date made
probably 1760s
Medium and support
Oil on canvas
Dimensions
134.6 x 96.3 cm
Acquisition credit
Bought, 1980
Inventory number
NG6459
Location in Gallery

National Gallery
The sitter of this portrait by Pompeo Girolamo Batoni has been identified as Richard Milles of Nackington, Member of Parliament for nearby Canterbury from 1761-80. Milles probably sat for this portrait when he was in Rome during his Grand Tour: http://bit.ly/2sXg8tn

The U.S. offers the U.K. a chance on trade, if Gove doesn’t chicken out


Trump Throws Brexit a Lifeline A10

The U.S. offers the U.K. a chance on trade, if Gove doesn’t chicken out.

Michael Andrew Gove is a British Conservative politician, who was Secretary of State for Education from 2010 to 2014 and Secretary of State for Justice from 2015 to 2016. Wikipedia
BornAugust 26, 1967 (age 49), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
SpouseSarah Vine (m. 2001)
Majority24,943 (43.1%)

2017年7月25日 星期二

Britain 'to ban all petrol and diesel vehicle sales by 2040'

Britain 'to ban all petrol and diesel vehicle sales by 2040'

Sales of new cars and lorries that rely on fossil fuels will be outlawed in a bid to reduce pollution

隱身階層:英國“上流社會”

如果你看過女王在上院發表"國情咨文",下議院的所有議員,含議長和首相,必須乖乖地到上院席末站著聽......你就知道英國的"貴族"傳統,多snobbish!
“從小到大,我從不當眾談論自己的世襲貴族家庭背景。談論這件事會讓我覺得不安。”英國記者哈利沃勒普(Harry Wallop)告訴我,其祖父是第九代Portsmouth 伯爵。
這可以說是謙虛,或者還帶著些無可奈何的隱忍。
哈利選了倫敦一家法式餐廳見面。他身著T卹及牛仔褲——這是有著世襲貴族背景的年輕一代最不會犯錯的日常衣著方式(以下談到的“貴族”,皆指世襲貴族,而非“一代”貴族。現代英國頒發的貴族,只有頭銜,沒有封地與錢財,純屬榮譽性質。)“現在的upper class,自己心知肚明,但不明講,對外一率自稱'中產階級'。”哈利如是說。
“事實上在寫了這書後,我才感覺relaxed。”哈利說。他指的是其在2013年出版的《購物如何定義英國階級》,裡面提及了自家特有的生活習慣,估計那是他頭一回公開談論貴族祖父與家人。無意間讀了此書後,我向哈利發出採訪邀請。
2014年,我在海克利爾莊園採訪女主人卡納文伯爵夫人,她家自從拍了《唐頓莊園》後,名聲大噪。當時我問她“你會用upper class形容自己嗎?”伯爵夫人大笑:“Not in England。”當時卡梅倫任首相,英國媒體的報導顯示,他對自己家世的貴族背景小心翼翼。他讓大女兒就讀一所英國公立學校,妹妹結婚時,他沒穿傳統禮服,只著普通西服。
走下坡路的所謂“貴族口音”

喬恩•布里格斯(Jon Briggs)是英國配音界的招牌人物,一口華麗的英國腔。他曾和我說:“我生不逢時。如果早20年出生,我會更成功。”現在英國不再像從前那樣重視BBC口音,而這種口音曾代表著身份和地位,所以他的優勢少了。
哈利在採訪中告訴我:“幾十年前,'貴族口音'是被模仿的對象,但現在這個趨勢反過來了。你聽已故戴安娜王妃及哈利王子說話,明顯故意夾雜了東倫敦口音(傳統上認為是'工人階級'口音)。BBC現在招聘的主播大都說當地方言,很少再使用BBC標準口音。最著名的新聞主播之一Huw Edwards說的就是帶威爾士地方腔的口音。”
哈利提到:“我父母稱廁所'loo',從不說'toilet';沒聽懂對方意思,希望對方重複,他們說'sorry?'不說'pardon?';普通人用'posh'形容優雅有格調,貴族會用'smart'。”哈利自己的用詞則已開始模糊化,不同場景使用不同詞彙。
訪問卡納文伯爵夫人時,我問了一個大多數英國人會覺得可笑的問題:“為何你在媒體上的相片都著休閒裝或是牛仔褲?”她說:“在英國,普遍的想法是要和大眾保持一致,英國的媒體更願意選擇發表我們身著休閒裝的形象。而在美國,我們的服裝會非常正式。”她接著說,“我想中國人和美國人都一樣——認為對岸的草更綠。美國沒有王室,中國過去有帝王,你們總在比較,並且(對英國)充滿了(和實際不一樣)的想像。”
看不見的階層
哈利在書中提到:“目前英國還有1000名左右的世襲貴族,真正仍然有錢有地的貴族已寥寥無幾。”但貴族仍然是英國的大地主。據2010年Country Life Magazine發布的數據,英國仍有超過1/3的土地掌握在極少數貴族手中。有個別貴族把土地轉換成房地產業,成為巨富,如排在最新《泰晤士英國富豪榜》第9位的第七代西敏公爵(The Duke of Westminster)。但不是每位貴族都像西斯敏斯特公爵那般好運。哈利說:“貴族有大片土地,可他們缺少現金流,他們的財富完全無法與那些基金經理相比。”
1990年,耶魯大學出版社就出版了英國歷史學家Sir David Cannadine9(大衛•康納汀爵士))的著作《英國貴族的沒落》(Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy)。該書寫道: “直到19世紀70年代,貴族還是英國最富有、最有權勢、以及最富有魅力的階級,且自認受上帝委派。可其後的百餘年,他們的財富枯萎了、權利喪失了、魅力黯淡了,甚至他們的集體身份認同亦逐漸被殘酷地削減了。”
土地一直是貴族的權利與經濟收入來源。據Late Victorian Britain 1875-1901的數據:1873年,全國4/5土地掌握在不到7000人手中;在英格蘭,有近300名世襲貴族擁有超過上萬英畝土地的莊園。土地為貴族確保了源源不斷的現金流。
可貴族被剝奪了政治權力後,自由黨政府於1909年在下議院提出People's Budget(人民預算),第一次大幅度提高了遺產稅稅額,1940年時高達65%,導致無法維護莊園。1900年以來,光是英格蘭就有1200座莊園被拆毀;1950年,莊園被拆毀的速度達到歷史之最,全英國每五天就有一座消失於人間。
除了拆毀,更多貴族選擇把莊園轉交給National Trust(國家信託)管理。國家信託成立於1895年,是一家專門保護英國文化遺產的慈善機構,它最終成為了英國莊園的最大避難所。現在,有超過350座具有歷史價值意義的莊園(大多擁有豐富的繪畫收藏、傢俱、書藉、金屬製品、陶器、紡織品等)、花園及古代遺跡在國家信託的保護下得以倖存並向公眾開放。國家信託有三百七十萬繳交年費的忠誠會員。去莊園遊玩,欣賞花園,在廣闊的草地上奔跑,成了許多英國家庭的周末遊樂項目。一次我在威爾士一莊園參觀,工作人員告訴我:“有一老太太從前在這莊園樓下做僕人,來參觀時特感慨,因為她第一次有機會由正門登堂入室。”
此外還有貴族另闢蹊徑,開放莊園做遊客生意,以門票養家。卡納文伯爵夫人的莊園目前一半對遊人開放,一半自住。自從她公關成功,把《唐頓莊園》請來她家拍攝,遊人就絡繹不絕。借用宮廷劇之力,把莊園打照成全球名牌,是現代莊園新的市場手段。
榮耀的傳承
雖然貴族失去了權勢,但在上議院的位置還部分保留著。1999年,工黨出台新政,要把世襲貴族進一步踢出上院。時任首相布萊爾簽發The House of Lords Act 1999,到2000年3月把上院議員人數從1330個減至669,僅允許保留92位世襲貴族。終生貴族(即政府提名、女王冊封的貴族,始於1958年,來自社會各行業的傑出人士。無地無賞銀,不能傳給下一代,純屬榮譽)成為了上院主體。
現在,上議院裡有約800餘位上議員。自撒切爾以後,再無英國首相接受過貴族冊封。上議院議員並非有薪職位,其作用不過是檢查和建議下院的文件與新條款或法案。但議員每去報到一天,就會有300鎊酬勞,據說在餐廳吃飯免費,且服務周到,所以有英國媒體形容上院是“遺老的幼兒園”。
儘管如此,上院的貴族象徵性仍在,且社會地位仍然頗高。2016年我曾參加上院一次演講大會,演講人是前美國總統卡特;比爾•蓋茨亦曾在上院演講,且上院仍然基本完全保留其幾百年的習俗,極具歷史及觀賞價值。
而《英國貴族的沒落》的作者康納汀爵士則認為:“在最重要的職業中,貴族的影響已基本消失了,但私立學校將貴族的文化保留傳承了下來。”
(本文僅代表作者本人觀點。責編郵箱:shirley.xue@ftchinese.com)

2017年7月24日 星期一

War of words over Flint Castle iron ring sculpture

The £395,000 sculpture that's being called "extremely disrespectful" to Wales.


Plans to create an iron ring sculpture at Flint Castle have been described as "insulting to Wales".
The design, said to represent the relationship between the medieval monarchies of Europe and the castles they built, was unveiled on Friday.
But critics including Plaid Cymru's North Wales AM Llyr Gruffydd said it symbolises the oppression of Welsh people.
Monuments body Cadw said the plans were "about investing in Flint".
Flint was one of the first castles to be built in Wales by Edward I - construction began in 1277.
The winning design was selected by a panel following a nation-wide competition, and the architects said it demonstrated "the unstable nature of the crown".
But Mr Gruffydd said a sculpture celebrating the conquest of Wales by Edward I was "inappropriate and insulting".
"The 'ring of steel' is the description given to the chain of castles across Wales that were built to conquer and subjugate Wales," he said.
"From a Welsh perspective, this is certainly not something to celebrate. It does not either reflect the many rich Welsh legends that could have been the source of a far more appropriate sculpture."

'Divides opinions'

petition has also been launched calling the design "extremely disrespectful". By Monday it had attracted more than 2,000 signatures.

George Vertue

George Vertue was an English engraver and antiquary, whose notebooks on British art of the first half of the 18th century are a valuable source for the period. Wikipedia
DiedJuly 24, 1756, London, United Kingdom


The antiquary and engraver George Vertue died #onthisday in 1756.
This drawing by Vertue, labelled ‘Something by memory and ye description of Shakespeares House’, was jotted down 35 years after the building had been remodelled, during his sightseeing tour in October 1737. There are no known earlier illustrations of the house.