2007年7月22日 星期日

Austen scam exposes publishers' pride and prejudice

The Jane Austen Centre on Gay Street, Bath

簡·奧斯丁Jane Austen1775年12月16日1817年7月18日),又譯珍·奧斯汀,英國小說家。她的作品主要關注鄉紳家庭的女性的婚姻和生活,以細緻入微的觀察和活潑風趣的文字著稱。

[編輯] 生平

生於英國漢普郡,有6個兄弟和一個姐姐,家境尚可。她的父親喬治·奧斯丁(George Austen,1731年1805年)是一名牧師,母親名卡桑德拉(1739年1827年)。奧斯丁兄弟中詹姆斯和亨利後來也從事神職,弗朗西斯和查爾斯則成供職英國海軍。簡與她的姐姐卡桑德拉關係密切,她們之間的信件為後世奧斯丁研究提供了很多素材。卡桑德拉為簡所作的畫像目前保存在倫敦的國家肖像館內。

奧斯丁一生未嫁。1796年,她與一位名叫湯姆·勒佛伊(Tom Lefroy)的青年有過短暫的羅曼史,據傳他就是《傲慢與偏見》中達西先生的原型。1802年,一名比奧斯丁小六歲的富有男子哈里斯·彼格威瑟(Harris Bigg-Wither)向她求婚。奧斯丁最初接受了,次日又改變主意拒絕了他。

1801年,奧斯丁的父親退休後,全家遷居到療養勝地巴斯。就像筆下的女主人公安妮·艾略特一樣,奧斯丁並不喜歡巴斯,這也許與她家庭經濟狀況日趨拮据有關。

1805年父親去世後,奧斯丁跟隨母親和姐姐到南安普敦與兄長弗蘭克住了幾年。1809年又移居查頓(Chawton)投奔兄長愛德華。那裡的小屋現在是奧斯丁紀念館,成為了著名的旅遊景點。奧斯丁後期的作品就是在那裡寫作的。

1816年,奧斯丁的健康狀況惡化,她於1817年搬到溫徹斯特療養,並於同年7月病逝。葬在溫徹斯特大教堂

[編輯] 作品及評價

1811年,在兄長亨利的資助下,奧斯丁的出版了第一本小說——《理智與情感》。而她最著名的作品是《傲慢與偏見》。

奧斯丁所處的年代正是浪漫主義方興未艾之際,但是奧斯丁的作品不屬於浪漫主義,而更接近新古典主義的風格。比起同時代的華茲華斯拜倫,奧斯丁的精神也許接近休謨洛克

剛獲出版時,奧斯丁的作品並未獲得很高聲譽,然而沃爾特·司各特爵士對她評價很高:「這位年輕的女士很擅長描寫日常生活中的情感和人物,是我所見之中最高妙的。」奧斯丁對司各特也很欣賞。在奧斯丁的最後一部小說《勸導》中,小說人物對司各特的作品讚賞有加。而早在《理智與情感》中,女主人公瑪麗安已經將司各特視為最愛的作家之一了。

推崇奧斯丁的人還包括麥考萊(Macaulay),柯爾律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge),Robert Southey,Sydney Smith,Edward Fitzgerald,納博科夫等。據說當時還是攝政王喬治四世所有的住所都備有一套奧斯丁小說供他隨時閱讀,迫於他的要求,奧斯丁把自己最愛的小說《愛瑪》獻給了攝政王吉布林(Rudyard Kipling)曾經寫過一個短篇《簡迷》(The Janeites)講述奧斯丁愛好者的故事,他還寫過兩首詩讚美奧斯丁。二十世紀以來,一些學者將奧斯丁視為英語文學最偉大的作者之一,甚至有人將她與莎士比亞相提並論。

另一方面,也有人對奧斯丁持批評意見。比奧斯丁稍晚的英國女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特批評她的視角過於狹隘。馬克·吐溫則更為尖刻地說「一個圖書館只要沒有奧斯丁的書就是好圖書館」。

[編輯] 作品列表


長編小説


Austen scam exposes publishers' pride and prejudice



Thu Jul 19, 7:59 AM ET

LONDON (AFP) - A string of publishers failed to spot blatant plagiarism of one of English literature's most famous authors, in a cheeky test to see if she would have secured a book deal today, a report said Thursday.

CHEEKY adj. - 厚顏的, 無恥的

David Lassman, head of the Jane Austen Festival in Bath, sent manuscripts to 18 editors seeking a publishing contract, using only slightly disguised versions of chapters from the iconic novelist's most famous works.

But only one publisher spotted the fakes, which included perhaps the most famous line in all English literature, the opening sentence of her 1813 work "Pride and Prejudice".

"I was staggered. Here is one of the greatest writers that has lived, with her oeuvre securely fixed in the canon and yet only one recipient recognised them as Austen's work," Lassman told The Guardian newspaper.

Making only minor changes, he sent off sample chapters from three of her best known books: "Northanger Abbey"; "Persuasion", and finally "Pride and Prejudice" which he renamed "First Impressions".

For the latter, he made no changes to the opening line: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife."

But all he got was a series of rejection slips, including from major publishing houses.

"Thank you for your recent letter and chapters from your book 'First Impressions'. It seems like a really original and interesting read," wrote Penguin. Harry Potter author J. K. Rowling's agents Christopher Little said they were "not confident" of being able to place the work.

The only editor to spot the ruse was apparently Alex Bowler of Jonathan Cape.

"Thank-you for sending us the first two chapters of 'First Impressions'; my first impression on reading these were ones of disbelief and mild annoyance, along, of course, with a moment's laughter," he wrote back.

"I suggest you reach for your copy of 'Pride and Prejudice', which I'd guess lives in close proximity to your typewriter, and make sure that your opening pages don't too closely mimic that book's opening."

The publishing houses scrambled to explain their failure to spot what are some of the well-known passages in the English literary canon.

"Our letter was a polite note declining representation and provided a standard response," said a spokesman for Christopher Little cited by The Guardian.

"Our internal notes did recognise similarities with existing published works and indeed there were even discussions about possible plagiarism."

A spokeswoman for Penguin noted that its rejection letter had said only that it "seemed" original and interesting. "It would not have been read," she insisted.



7月26日的自由時報有篇:

《中英對照讀新聞》Jane Austen fan submits her work anonymously to publishers…and receives a dozen rejections 珍奧斯汀迷匿名把她的作品交給出版商…結果被拒絕10多次

◎鄭寺音

It is a truth universally acknowledged that many of us who claim to have read a classic novel are telling porkies. Or have simply watched the film version instead.

這是普天承認的事實,我們許多宣稱曾讀過經典小說的人都在說謊,或只是看過電影版本。

This even applies, it seems, to literary agents and publishers. For when a budding author sent typed chapters of Jane Austen’s novels to 18 of them, changing just the titles and characters’ names, only one recognised her words.

顯然,這甚至也適用於文學經紀人與出版商,因為當一名新進作者把珍奧斯汀小說的一些篇章打字,只更改書名與人物名字,交給18名出版商,只有一個人認出是她的作品。

The rest simply rejected them or never responded, according to the man who posted the manuscripts, David Lassman.

郵寄這些文稿的男子拉斯曼說,其他人只是把它們退件,或是一直沒有回音。

"It was unbelievable," he said. "If the major publishers can’t recognise great literature, who knows what might be slipping through the net?

「真是令人難以想像,」他說。如果大出版社無法認出偉大的文學作品,誰知道漏網之魚會是什麼樣的作品。」

"Here is one of the greatest writers that has lived, with her oeuvre securely fixed in the English canon and yet only one recipient recognised them as Austen’s work."

「這是歷來最偉大作家的其中一人,她畢生的作品早已牢牢確立在英國作家原典中,但只有一名收信人認出它們是奧斯汀的作品。」

新聞辭典

porkie︰(英國幽默,俚語)謊言。

budding︰萌芽的、新進的。例句:While still at school she was clearly a budding genius.(她還在學校時,就很明顯地是個嶄露頭角的天才。)

slip through the net︰遺漏、漏網之魚。例句:Once again terrorists have slipped through the police net.(恐怖份子又再度逃過警方的法網。)

canon︰原指聖經的正經篇目集,在此指作家經公認的真作全集,或公認為可代表某種文學領域的作品。如︰the canon of American short fiction(美國短篇小說作品集)、the entire Shakespeare canon(莎士比亞真作全集)。


沒有留言: